The content of piano education curriculum in colleges and universities is very rich, and the curriculum system is very perfect. Piano teachers need to teach students many playing skills and knowledge involved in the curriculum through experience inspiration, situation inspiration, question inspiration and other ways in the diversified teaching of combining theory with practice, so as to help students consolidate the piano foundation and improve their piano playing skills. From the perspective of the essence of education, in order to truly realize the diversified development of piano education in colleges and universities, it is not only necessary for piano teachers to have the awareness of diversified education, but also for teachers to regard diversified teaching as a practical and feasible teaching method and implement it in the whole process of teaching practice. This article starts with the analysis of the problems existing in the piano education in colleges and universities at the present stage, and puts forward suggestions for the diversified development of piano education, so as to boost the development of piano education in China.
1、 The main problems of piano education in colleges and universities
（1） The teaching mode is too single, and the actual teaching form is not innovative enough
In recent years, although the overall tone of piano education in colleges and universities in China is upward, it can still be found that piano teachers have the problem of "simplification" in the application of teaching methods. The oneness, one sidedness and limitation of piano teaching methods are inevitable from a certain point of view. First of all, piano education, like other professional education, has been restricted by exam oriented education for a long time. Secondly, development itself has the characteristics of coexistence of advantages and disadvantages. As long as there is development, there will be a phenomenon of "solving problems while emerging new problems". Therefore, as an educator, a piano teacher should adapt to the changes in talent training standards, improve and innovate the teaching organization of piano education, so that piano education in colleges and universities can achieve real development. However, in fact, some piano teachers "have more than they can do". In the process of innovating piano teaching methods, they cannot find the teaching reform ideas that are suitable for them. In order to avoid the dilemma of "not improving but decreasing" in piano teaching quality, they continue to use the traditional teaching model; Some piano teachers only use the same set of teaching methods to face different students, ignoring the teaching consideration of students' individual differences, which is not conducive to the development of piano education in the direction of diversification.
（2） Too much emphasis on professional skills, ignoring the cultivation of students' musical literacy
From the current teaching situation of piano education in colleges and universities, some colleges and universities in China have been able to achieve "one-to-one" teaching guidance, and the overall piano education has also made outstanding achievements. However, it is not difficult to observe the single teaching class of piano teaching in colleges and universities carefully. Some piano teachers in colleges and universities put too much emphasis on the training of students' technical skills when carrying out piano teaching, virtually ignoring the cultivation of students' music literacy and the improvement of their comprehensive literacy. Based on the previous investigation of piano education in colleges and universities, the author found that it has become a common problem to neglect the cultivation of students' musical literacy, aesthetic ability and artistic thinking. Some piano teachers are difficult to get rid of the influence of "skill theory" in the process of teaching practice, and regard training students' professional skills as the fundamental goal. Although we can't say that such a teaching concept is wrong, if the piano teacher blindly emphasizes the training of students' piano playing skills, students' skills will be honed in the so-called "upper limit", with strong dependence and poor reflection. Students can't find an outlet for piano skill improvement training, and even the phenomenon of increasing negative effects will appear. To this end, piano teachers should change their teaching roles more, focus on tapping students' musical potential as "instigators" and "assistants", build a "bridge" of thinking that can open up the context of understanding for students, help students improve their musical literacy and achieve overall development.
（3） Too much emphasis on classical teaching and insufficient integration of local culture
Looking at the piano education in most colleges and universities in China, most of the piano education in colleges and universities still focuses on the teaching of classical piano performance. There are many reasons for this phenomenon. On the one hand, the number of classical piano works is large and classic, which has no substitute for the role of students in the training of piano playing skills; On the other hand, the study of classical piano works has been the focus of piano education in China for a long time. Therefore, it is inevitable that piano teachers pay too much attention to classical piano teaching in the process of piano teaching. This direction of education development cannot be changed in a short time, but "cannot change" is not equal to "not change". The most important thing is that when piano teachers teach students basic piano knowledge, they should, on the one hand, pay attention to cultivating students' musical literacy and improving their playing skills, on the other hand, flexibly integrate China's excellent traditional culture, in the actual process of opening up students' horizons for piano learning, inspire their comparative vision and thinking ability, improve their subjective initiative in learning piano, and enable students to gain the improvement of technical skills, Let the piano teaching in colleges and universities go out of the "Made in the West" shroud, vividly demonstrate the connotation of China's music culture, and provide support for the diversified development of piano education.
2、 Specific strategies for optimizing the diversified development of piano education in colleges and universities
（1） Multi choice of works and innovative teaching mode
New teaching methods are used in piano education in colleges and universities to realize the diversified development of piano education. First of all, we should consolidate the students' piano foundation. Piano teachers should establish a harmonious interactive relationship with students, select some piano works that students want to know according to their interests and hobbies, make students interested in piano learning, and enable students to learn effectively and gradually. For example, when arranging music assignments for students, piano teachers can flexibly screen some national piano works, so that students can change from "made in the West" to "made in China" step by step in learning and comparison. Or combine the hot spots that students are interested in, such as the Piano Performance Edition of the Most Dazzling National Style, to derive interesting teaching content from the perspective of students. After all, in the current era, the employment situation of piano majors is severe. If piano teachers only focus on teaching students a single type of piano knowledge, students will be quickly injured when they go out of school. In addition to playing classical piano works, it is difficult for students to make use of other specialties to stand out. Therefore, piano teachers must meet the needs of the times, cultivate composite piano talents for the country, combine "professional education" with "generalist education", and cultivate students' comprehensive abilities in a diversified way, so that students can easily cope with social changes in the future, enjoy the blessing of distinctive technical skills, and really broaden their piano vision.
（2） Optimize teaching design and carry out situational teaching
As the name implies, "situational teaching method" refers to the teaching method that piano teachers create some thematic situations for students purposefully, directionally and referentially, so that students can be guided by the thematic image to deepen the corresponding emotional experience. "Situational teaching method" is very consistent with the students' own learning development law, which can directly and dynamically mobilize the students' psychological function, develop their emotional thinking, help students understand knowledge, and enable students to carry out practical training. In the teaching of piano courses in colleges and universities, piano teachers create piano teaching situations for students based on their understanding of the students' character and learning, starting from their true feelings. This process requires great attention to the integration of language arts. First of all, when designing the teaching language of piano courses, piano teachers should combine intonation, speed of speech, etc. with the teaching content to create an appropriate language situation. Secondly, piano teachers should pay attention to the pertinence of creating language situations. Create different language situations for students according to different teaching contents, build a flexible and inclusive teaching situation, avoid students from breeding bad emotions, and always have the courage to challenge and actively train. For example, during the teaching of Beethoven's "Storm Sonata", the piano teacher can use vivid language to describe a broad and slow music situation for students with the theme emotion of the piano music, so that students can feel the peace before the storm in the infection of language art, and improve students' music appreciation ability.
（3） Organize teaching interaction and deepen group cooperation
In recent years, information technology teaching has been widely used in piano education in colleges and universities. In addition to constantly creating suitable situations for students from the perspective of educators and mobilizing students' interest in learning, piano teachers can also actively use information technology to directly hand over teaching classes to students, organize a dynamic piano class with "interaction" as the core, cultivate students' piano thinking, and guide students to learn cooperatively, It breaks the previous teaching mode of "one word" for teachers, highlights the dominant position of students in the classroom, and makes piano teaching develop in a diversified way. For example, when teaching Chopin Etudes, piano teachers can not only use projectors to reduce the teaching time, directly play relevant videos for students, so that students can purify their minds and deepen their understanding of the music content of the work under the stimulation of audio-visual combination, but also directly use the interactive discussion method, so that students can communicate with each other and discuss on an equal basis by taking groups as a unit and combining viewing experience. Taking the discussion of students' capturing the highlights of "C Major" in music as an example, students can not only analyze the knowledge of "C Major" in detail, but also directly carry out on-site practice, learning, thinking and experiencing at the same time, so as to effectively improve the fun and interaction of piano learning.
（4） Supplement technical skills and give practical guidance
In the piano teaching courses of colleges and universities in China, piano teachers should not only try to innovate teaching methods for students, but also pay attention to cultivating students' ability to combine theory with practice on the basis of integrating local culture, so that students can obtain flexible technical skills to supplement guidance, consciously strengthen practical training, so that students can improve their quality in the process of consolidating the foundation and obtain overall improvement under the support of quality improvement. Under the requirements of diversified development of piano education in colleges and universities, first of all, piano teachers should organize classroom practice according to the principle of "student-centered", and put the improvement of students' practical literacy in the first place. Taking fingering practice as an example, piano teachers can not only provide students with Mozart's Piano Performance, Liszt's Performance, Chopin's Etude for practical experience, but also provide students with Liu Sanjie's Theme Fantasy, Evening Party and other songs that students can choose to play according to their own preferences; Secondly, teachers can organize students to participate in staged reporting performances, so that students can get out of the time and space limitations of classroom teaching, activate their own piano playing potential in interesting reporting performances, and adapt to the individual's "competitiveness", so that students can be drummed and danced in the theme performance activities, enhance their confidence, and deepen their feelings for piano playing; Finally, teachers can organize students to regularly participate in special lectures on technical skill upgrading, so that students can organically combine listening, learning, thinking and using, and provide guarantee for the diversified development of piano education.
3、 Conclusion
To sum up, in combination with the current educational development situation, the diversified development of piano education in colleges and universities in China should be carried out from the following aspects: first, piano teachers should analyze their own teaching level and the current situation of piano teaching from the perspective of teachers, formulate targeted plans for the improvement and innovation of piano education in colleges and universities, and define the phased teaching goals; Secondly, on the premise of integrating our local culture and getting rid of the shackles of the western piano teaching model, teachers should enable students to master piano playing skills and piano theoretical knowledge, internalize them into their own skills, and grow into composite art talents required by the country.