我国经济制度的基础是包括劳动群众集体所有制在内的生产资料社会主义公有制，农村的土地属于农民集体所有，农村基本经营制度是农村土地集体所有制的实现形式。 目前，随着农村分工分业发展和大量农民进城务工，农村的土地制度和经营制度也面临改革的需要，农村土地集体所有需要进一步探索创新其有效实现形式。 近年来，各地在实践中创造了多种多样的做法和模式， 需要进一步归纳、总结和提炼。
In the economic system of our country is based on including collective ownership by the working people, including the production of socialist public ownership of the means of, rural land belongs to the collective farmers all the basic rural operation system is the realization form of collective ownership of rural land. At present, with the rural labor division of separate development and a large number of migrant workers, the reform of rural land system and management system is also facing, collective ownership of rural land needs further exploration and innovation the effective realization form. In recent years, all created various practices and models in practice, the need for further summing up and refining.
一、农村土地集体所有实现形式的实践与探索。
First, rural collective land ownership realization form of practice and exploration.
（一）土地股份合作社统一经营。
(a) land stock cooperatives unified management.
2012 年，天津市静海县以农民专业合作社法律制度为依据， 探索组建村两委班子牵头、整村建制的、以农民土地承包经营权入股形式的土地股份合作社， 对集体土地实行统一经营。 大邱庄镇岳家庄村 2013 年成立祥福园农业发展专业合作社，入社土地 2894 亩，占全村耕地面积的 96.5%.由于合作社由村两委领办，因此合作社的日常经营管理人员，主要由村两委的 6 名干部担任。 土地入股后继续开展农业生产，改变了原来村民租地给外来农民种棉花的情况，恢复了之前的粮食种植，一年进行小麦和玉米两季生产， 合作社实行统一自我服务。 社员的收益包括土地保底收益和盈余分配两部分，土地保底收益 2013 年为 500-550 元/亩，以后每年按周边村庄土地出租价格进行调整，在 2013 年基础上只高不低；盈余除 20%用于提取公积金、10%用于农机机械维修和更新外，剩余 70%分配给入股社员。
In 2012, Jinghai County, Tianjin city farmer professional cooperatives to the legal system as the basis, explore the formation of the village two appoint team, led by the establishment of the whole village, to farmers the right to land contractual management in the form of shares of land stock cooperatives, the collective land to implement unified management. Daegu Zhuang Zhen Yue Jia Zhuang Cun in 2013 established Xiang Fu Garden Agricultural Development cooperatives, community land 2894 mu, accounting for the village land area of 96.5%. As a result of cooperatives by the village committee lead, so the daily operation and management personnel cooperatives, mainly by the village committee of the six cadres as. Land shares continue to carry out agricultural production, change the original villagers rent to migrant farmers grow cotton and restored before the grain planting, a year of wheat and corn production season, the cooperative implementation of unified self service. Membership benefits include land guaranteed income and surplus allocation, land guarantees a minimum income in 2013 500-550 yuan / mu, after each year according to the surrounding villages land lease price adjustment, in 2013 or higher; earnings except 20% for the extraction of provident fund, 10% is used for agricultural machinery maintenance and update, the remaining 70% distribution to members shares.
（二）“土地股份合作社+职业经理人+社会化服务”.
(two) "land shares cooperatives + + social service occupation managers".
2008 年以来， 四川省崇州市立足自身实际，围绕解决“种什么样的田”、“谁来种田”和“怎样种田”的问题，积极探索土地集体经营的有效形式，其组织形式也是农户以土地承包经营权作价折资、折股入社，工商注册成立土地股份合作社，由合作社理事会代表全体社员公开招聘经过培训后持证上岗的农业职业经理人，与其签订经营合同，对产量指标、生产费用、奖赔规定等进行约定。 职业经理人提出具体生产计划执行和预算方案、产量指标等。 同时，政府积极引导社会资金参与组建综合性农业社会化服务公司， 分片区建立农业服务超市，搭建“一站式”全程农业生产服务平台提供专业服务。 合作社盈余通常采取除去生产成本经营纯收入 1∶2∶7 比例分配， 即纯收入的 10%作为公积金、风险金和工作经费，20%用于支付职业经理人佣金，70%用于社员土地入股分红。
Since 2008, Chongzhou city in Sichuan Province Based on their own reality, to solve the "what kind of fields", "who farm" and "how to farm, the problems, and actively explore effective forms of collective management of land, but also its form of organization of farmers to the right to the contracted management of land price fold, fold into the social, industrial and commercial registration of the establishment of land stock cooperatives and by Cooperative Council on behalf of all members open recruitment after training documented appointment of agricultural professional managers, with the signing of the contract, to yield index, production costs, award compensation provisions of the agreement. Occupation managers put forward specific production plan and budget plan, output index. At the same time, the government should actively guide social capital to participate in the formation of a comprehensive agricultural social Service Corporation, the establishment of agricultural service supermarket area, build a "one-stop" service platform for the whole agricultural production to provide professional services. Cooperative surplus usually take removing the cost of production business net income of 1: 2: 7 proportional distribution, that is, 10% of the net income as provident fund and risk fund of funds and work, 20% for payment of commission of professional managers, 70% is used for members of land shares dividends.
根据职业经理人与合作社签订的奖赔规定，超产部分在二者之间进行分配，合作社分到的部分在股东之间按比例进行再次分配。
According to the professional managers and unions signed award compensation provisions, overcapacity in part in between the two distribution and co-operatives to between the shareholders according to the proportion of re distribution.
（三）合作农场（集体农庄）。
(three) cooperative farms (collective farms).
近年来，江苏省太仓市积极应对农户承包地零散、农田基础设施投入不足、种田农民老龄化、农产品质量难控制等问题，将发展合作农场作为农村土地集体经营的有效举措。 例如城厢镇东林村 2010 年与东林劳务合作社、东林农机专业合作社联合发起组建合作农场。 合作农场采用“大承包、小包干”的经营方式。 村里统一将 1200 亩水稻承包给原村 2 名农机手担任分场场长，每人管理 600 亩，包产、包肥、包农药、包用工，定产量、定奖赔。 再将 2 块农场包干给 18 名农场管理员， 由他们包干管理费用，水稻每亩 200 元，根据各自能力来认定包干面积。 农场规定每亩粮田（种植小麦、水稻两熟）核定综合成本为 1150 元，对分场场长降低成本部分奖励 20%,超出成本部分从基本工资中扣减 20%; 核定产量为水稻单产 900 斤、小麦 550 斤，超产部分对分场场长和员工各按超产金额（按国家收购价折算）的 20%进行奖励，减产的对分场场长实行减产部分 20%的扣除。 合作农场实现的利润，在按章提取公积金、公益金、支付管理人员工资和扩大再生产所需资金后，给全村所有人分红，实现了村民“不种地、不失粮、少失菜”.
In recent years, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, actively respond to the contracted farmers scattered, farmland infrastructure investment insufficiency, the farming old farmers, agricultural products quality is difficult to control and other issues, the development of cooperative farm as effective measures for the management of rural collective land. For example Cheng Xiang Zhen Dong Lin Cun in 2010 and Donglin service cooperatives, Donglin agricultural cooperatives jointly initiated the formation of cooperative farm. Cooperative farm the "big contracting, small dry" mode of operation. Village unity will be 1200 acres of rice contract to the village, the original two agricultural hand as long Fen Chang, each managing 600 acres, fixing of farm output quotas for each, fertilizer, pesticide, Bao Yonggong, yield, decided to award compensation. Then the two farms lump sum to 18 farm administrator, by their contract management fee, 200 yuan per mu of rice, according to their ability to identify contract area. Farm provisions per mu grain (wheat and rice cropping) approved comprehensive cost of 1150 yuan, of Fen Chang Long reduce cost bonus by 20%, exceeds the cost of the part from the basic wage buckle minus 20%; approved by the production for rice yield 900 kg, 550 pounds of wheat, overcapacity in part of breakout director and staff the according to overfulfill amount (according to the national acquisition conversion price) 20% of the reward, the production of Fen Chang Long implement cut part of the 20% deduction. Cooperative farm profits. In the chapter extract provident fund, public welfare fund, payment management staff wages and expanded reproduction of the funds required, dividends to all the people in the village, the realization of the villagers "farming, grain, little loss of food".
（四）农业公司统一经营。
(four) agricultural company unified management.
2012 年，天津市津南区小站镇启动“三改一化”工作（“农改非”、“村改居”、集体经济改股份制经济、促进城乡一体化发展），改革中通过设立农业公司经营集体土地。 对于集体土地，先以村为单位进行土地整合，待村所有土地整合完成后，由村委会将全部土地流转至镇属农业公司，同时进行货币量化，折合股本金，签订《小站镇土地货币量化协议书》。 土地整合后，村民放弃宅基地使用权、土地承包权和征地占地补偿权利，由村委会为村民购买保险并分发每年取得股本金红利。 此外，村委要依据小站镇制定的集体经济组织成员认定统一标准，以及村民代表大会讨论结果，确定集体成员资格，向镇政府提交成员资格和享受分红人员名单。 土地股权量化后分为个人股和集体股，个人股量化后的股本金在 7 万-11 万元之间，集体股按全村股份的一定比例划定，其收益作为“三改一化”后股份制公司的日常费用支出。 镇农业公司负责集体土地的经营管理，公司拥有 50 年经营权， 期间股本金只分红不兑现，50 年后兑现。 经营收益一部分为集体组织成员购买城镇职工养老保险和失地农民险，一部分每年 12 月 31 日前按照股东持股比例分红。
In 2012, the station town Jinnan District of Tianjin to start "three in one" work ("agricultural reform", "home to the village", collective economy changed share-holding system economy, promote the integration of urban and rural development), the reform through the establishment of agricultural business collective land. The collective land, first to the village as a unit were integrated land, pending completion of the village integration of all land, by the village committee will will all land to the town belongs to the agricultural companies, and quantitative monetary, equivalent to equity capital, the station of town land monetary agreement "signed. The integration of land, the villagers give up land use rights, land contract rights and land expropriation compensation covering rights, by the village committee and villagers to buy insurance for the year equity dividend distribution. In addition, the village to finding of unified standard according to the station town to develop the members of the collective economic organizations, and the villager congress results are discussed. Determine the membership of the community, to the town government submitted to the membership and enjoy the dividends personnel list. Quantifying the land ownership is divided into individual and collective stocks and quantification of individual shares after the share capital between 7 million to 11 million yuan, collective share according to a certain proportion of the whole village shares delineated and the proceeds as a "three in one" after the joint-stock company of daily expenses. The company responsible for the management of agricultural town of collective land, the company has 50 years of operating rights, equity dividends not only during the 50 years after the cash, cash. Operating income is a part of the collective organization members to purchase pension insurance for urban workers and Farmers Insurance, part of a year before 31 December in accordance with the proportion of shareholders dividends.
（五）统一经营集体建设用地。
(five) the unified management of collective construction land.
为适应城镇发展规划， 改善村民居住条件，建设“幸福美丽新村”,成都市郫县安德镇安龙村对村民耕地、宅基地和村集体建设用地进行整体规划，建设新农村综合示范体。 他们对村集体土地所有权、集体建设用地（宅基地）使用权、农村土地承包经营权、房屋所有权和林权进行确权登记颁证，然后对登记的集体资产进行清产核资、确权登记和股份量化。 确权颁证完成后， 成立郫县安龙资产管理有限公司，负责新农村综合示范体建设，村内农户利用确权的集体建设用地入股，采取“小证变大证”方式注入公司，公司共有 803 个家庭股东构成，集体建设用地面积 763.3 亩，统一规划设计后，317.3 亩用于新型社区建设，20 亩用于村集体经济发展产业用地， 节约集体建设用地426 亩挂钩到城市规划区，每亩获得 35 万元的出让收益。 项目建设资金来源于集体建设用地指标出让收益、农户自筹和财政补助。 通过项目实施， 安龙村建成了公共管理服务设施、教育设施、医疗卫生设施、文化体育设施、商业服务设施、金融邮电设施、生产配套设施和旅游参观设施的“1+23”配套标准，并依托优势资源发展了乡村连锁客栈、精品盆景园和生态蔬菜基地，既改善了生活环境，也促进了生产发展。
In order to adapt to the urban development planning, improve the living conditions of villagers, the construction of the "happy beautiful village", Pixian County, Chengdu City Ann Wendish town village of Anlong village farmland, villages and rural collective construction land for the overall planning, construction of new rural comprehensive demonstration. They to the village collective land ownership, collective construction land (Homestead) use rights, rural land contract management right, home ownership and forest right of ownership registration certification, and then for the registration of the collective assets assets, ownership registration and shares quantization. After the completion of the ownership certification, the establishment of Pixian County Anlong Asset Management Co., Ltd., is responsible for comprehensive demonstration of new rural construction, the village farmers to use ownership of collective construction land ownership, take "to permit small change big card" into the company, the company a total of 803 family shareholders, collective construction land area of 763.3 acres, unified planning and design, following an acres for the construction of new communities, 20 acres for the village collective economic development of industrial land, save collective construction land 426 Mu linked to urban planning area, with per mu to get 35 million of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights. Project construction funds from the collective construction land transfer income, farmers and financial aid. Through the implementation of the project, Anlong village built public management and service facilities, educational facilities, medical and health facilities, cultural and sports facilities, commercial facilities, finance, post and telecommunications facilities, production facilities and tourist visits to facilities of "1 + 23" matching criteria, and relying on the advantages of resources to develop the village inn, fine bonsai garden and ecological vegetables production bases, both to improve the living environment, but also promote the development of production.
二、探索农村土地集体所有实现形式意义重大。
Two, explore the rural collective land ownership forms of great significance.
2014 年中央农村工作会议强调，坚持党的农村政策， 首要的就是坚持农村基本经营制度，坚持农村土地农民集体所有。 各地的实践证明，农村土地集体经营，是富有中国特色、统分结合、集约发展的最佳模式，也是新时期集体所有制的有效实现形式。
2014 central rural work conference stressed that adhering to the party's rural policy, the first is to adhere to the basic rural operation system, adhere to the rural land collective ownership of farmers. The practice proved that the rural collective land management, is the best mode China rich characteristics, unified and intensive development, but also the new era of effective forms of collective ownership.
（一）有助于保障农民土地财产性收益。
(a) helps to protect farmers' land property income.
在工业化、 城镇化快速推进的过程中，农村为城市建设和经济发展提供了大量土地，但农民作为弱势群体往往成为被盘剥和牺牲的对象， 因土地流转和征地补偿引发的纠纷、上访事件层出不穷，如何保障农民的经济利益成为亟待解决的重要问题。 土地集体所有、股份合作、统一经营，尊重了农民的知情权，提高了农民的话语权，增加了农民的参与权，充分保障了农民的经济利益。 农业公司统一经营土地，村集体统一经营集体建设用地，完善了农民集体收益分配权。 农民成为股东，对于集体财产拥有明晰完整并可以继承、转让的个人产权，促进农民财产的保值增值，增加农民的财产性收入，保障了失地农民的基本生活。 村集体统一进行宅基地规划、土地出让，代表村民谈判，保障了土地出让收益的可得和农民的经济利益，在改善农民居住条件的同时，将城市基础设施延伸到农村，将城市的公共服务覆盖到农村，促进了居住方式和生产生活方式的同步转变，实现了农民就地城镇化。
In the process of rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, rural urban construction and economic development to provide a lot of land, but the farmers as vulnerable groups often become is exploitation and sacrificial objects, caused by land conversion and land acquisition compensation disputes, petition incidents emerge in endlessly, how to protect the economic interests of farmers has become an important problem to be solved. Collective land ownership, stock cooperation, unified management, respect the farmers' right to know, to improve the peasants' discourse right, increasing farmers' right to participate, to fully protect the economic interests of farmers. Agricultural company unified management of land, the village collective management of collective construction land, improve the rural collective income distribution rights. Farmers to become shareholders, for the collective property has complete and clear and inheritance, the transfer of personal property, promote the farmers' property to preserve and increase the value of, to increase property income of farmers, to protect the basic livelihood of landless peasants. Village collective unified land planning, land transfer, negotiating on behalf of the villagers, to protect the land sale proceeds of the available and the economic interests of the peasants, while improving the living conditions of farmers, urban infrastructure extension to the countryside, to cover the city's public services to the rural, promote the synchronous change of living style and mode of production and life, farmers realize the in situ urbanization.
（二）有助于维护农村社会的和谐稳定。
(two) helps maintain the harmony and stability of rural society.
实施 “以家庭经营为基础，统分结合的双层经营体制”, 极大地调动了农民的生产积极性，为国家建设提供了有力支持。 但在多数地方往往注重了“分”却忽视了“统”,片面地认为强调“统”是一种倒退。 土地股份合作社、合作农场的实践证明，土地集体所有、股份合作、统一经营，是集体经济管理功能的复归，是集体生产功能的复归。 土地集体统一经营避免了农户承包地的频繁调整，减少了因调地引发的纠纷，不但解决了土地细碎化、生产分散化、经营兼业化的问题，让农民发挥所长、各得其所、提高收益，还有效发挥了集约经营、规模经营的优势，使农业生产焕发新的活力。 同时，集体经营使村集体经济组织成为市场经济主体，使农村集体资产得到民主化、科学化、规范化管理，提高资产运行质量， 促进了集体经济的发展，促使农村社会更加和谐，如东林村合作农场仅2010 年就给村集体带来 450 万元的收益，还不包括各种政策性补贴，村级经济的发展为东林村的社会事业发展提供了财力支持，同时也为农民的增收奠定了基础。
The implementation of the "home based business, two-tier management system, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers, provides a strong support for the construction of the state. But in most places tend to focus on the "points" ignore "unification", one-sided view that emphasizes the "unification" is a step backwards. The practice of land stock cooperatives, cooperative farm that land collective all, joint-stock cooperative, unified management, is the return to the collective economy management function, the return to the aggregate production function. Collective land unified management avoids the frequent adjustments of the contracted farmers, reduce the disputes caused by regulating. It not only solves the problem of land fragmentation, production diversification, management and industry, let farmers play to our strengths, each is in his proper place, increase revenue, also play an effective set about management, scale advantage, make agricultural production to radiate new vitality. At the same time, collective management enable village collective economic organizations to become the main part of market economy, the rural collective assets get democratization, scientific, specification management, improve the quality of asset operation, so as to promote the development of the collective economy, to promote rural society more harmonious, Rudong Lin Cun cooperative farm in 2010 alone is to the village collective bring 450 million yuan in revenue, not including policy subsidies, the development of village economy Donglin village social development provides financial support, but also laid the foundation for the income of farmers.
（三）有助于为实现农业现代化奠定基础。
(three) helps to lay a foundation to realize agricultural modernization.
与工业化、信息化、城镇化的快速发展相比， 我国农业现代化明显滞后。 据专家测算，2012 年农业劳动生产率只有全社会平均水平的 30%. 农业生产经营方式真正到了由传统粗放式经营小农生产向集约化经营社会化大生产加快转变的新阶段。 土地集体统一经营的实践证明，与传统小农户相比，赋予了农民更充分和稳定的收益保障权， 流转关系更加稳定，经营关系更加稳定；土地连片，可更加便捷地进行区域规划， 统一种植品种和生产过程，统一进行土壤深松和秸秆还田，统一兴建水利和基础设施改造，农业生产条件更加完善。 同时，村集体的统一经营往往回归到粮食种植的道路上来，稳定了粮食生产，实现了科学种田，提高了农业生产效益。
Compared with the rapid development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization in China is obviously lagging behind. According to expert estimates, 2012 agricultural labor productivity is only the average level of the whole society 30%. The way of agricultural production and operation true to the by traditional extensive management of small-scale production to set of intensive management of large-scale socialized production and accelerate the transformation of the new stage. The practice of collective land unified management certificate, and traditional farmer compared to give farmers more sufficient and stable income security right, circulation relationship more stable, more stable business relationship; contiguous land can be more convenient to regional planning, unified planting varieties and production process, the reunification of the soil deep loosening and straw, unified construction of water conservancy and the transformation of infrastructure, agricultural production conditions more perfect. At the same time, uniform management of the village collective tend to return to road of growing food, stable grain production, achieve scientific farming, improve the efficiency of agricultural production.
三、完善农村土地集体所有实现形式政策建议。
Three, improve the rural collective land ownership realization form of policy recommendations.
我们认为，全面推进包括土地等资源性资产在内的股份合作制改革，是农村集体产权制度改革的大势所趋，是坚持农村社会主义劳动集体所有制的最终归宿。 探索创新农村土地集体所有的实现形式，应在借鉴不同模式有益经验的基础上，兼顾国家、集体、农民利益，不断完善多方利益协同发展的长效机制，确保不断创新、不断发展、不断完善。
We believe that to comprehensively promote the land resources assets, including the stock cooperation system reform, rural collective property rights system reform trend is to adhere to the final destination of rural socialist collective ownership by the working. Explore all ways of the innovation of rural collective land, should be in reference to the beneficial experience of different modes on the basis, taking into account the interests of the state, the collective and the farmers, and constantly improve the multi stakeholder collaborative development of long-term mechanism to ensure continuous innovation, continuous development, continuous improvement.
（一）兼顾各方利益。
(a) the interests of both parties.
一是坚持保障农民经济权益。 农村土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权是法律赋予农民的权利，不仅是生产资料，同时也是农民用以增加收入的财产， 不论是哪种形式的统一经营，必须坚决维护农民的土地财产收益权利。 实践中，有的地方农民全部进入城市，有的地方部分农民仍然留在农村种植， 不论是哪种情况，都应当充分尊重农民的意愿和选择。
The first is to adhere to the protection of peasants' economic rights and interests. Rural land contract and management rights, land use rights is the law entrusts with the farmer rights is not only means of production, is also used by farmers to increase the income of the property, regardless of what form the unified management must be resolutely safeguard farmer's land property income rights. In practice, some local farmers all entered the city, some places still remain in the rural part of farmers planting, no matter what the situation, should fully respect the wishes and choices of farmers.
二是坚持提高农业生产效率。 土地是一种极端重要的农业生产资料，粮食安全是国家战略，在这种背景下，不论是哪种形式的统一经营，都要兼顾国家利益，既要有助于形成稳定的土地经营关系、 有助于实现土地规模经营、有助于生产功能的复归，也要有助于农田基础设施建设和农业技术的应用。
The two is to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. Land is a kind of extremely important means of agricultural production and food security is a national strategy, in this context, regardless of what form of unified management, taking into account the interests of the state, both to help to form a stable land business, can contribute to the return to the production function to realize scale management of land,, but also contribute to the infrastructure construction of farmland and agricultural technology application.
三是坚持调动多方积极因素。 农村土地的集体统一经营， 必须要有村集体经济组织、职业农民、社会化服务组织多方共同参与，政府给予强有力支持，需要建立长期有效的利益分享机制，充分调动各方的积极性，确保持续稳定健康发展。
The three is to mobilize all positive factors. Rural land collective operation, it must be the village collective economic organizations, farmers' vocational, social service organizations of multi-party participation, the government has given strong support, need to establish effective long-term benefit sharing mechanism, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, to ensure the sustained, stable and healthy development.
（二）深化改革创新。
(two) the deepening of reform and innovation.
对于土地集体经营面临的一些障碍，国家应当加大改革力度予以破解，从制度上保障不断丰富和发展农村土地集体所有的有效实现形式。
For some obstacles of collective land management, the state should intensify the reform to be cracked, from the system guarantee to constantly enrich and develop the rural collective land ownership of the effective realization form.
一是明晰集体土地所有权主体，确保其行使相应管理权能。 以组、村、乡（镇）农民集体三级所有为基础，明确农村集体经济组织的内涵和法律、法人地位，切实将集体土地所有权落实到具有所有权的农村集体经济组织，明确各级组织均具有平等的法律地位和发展权利。 明确农村集体组织成员的权利、 义务和责任，明确集体土地所有权行使代表由集体经济组织成员大会或暂由村民大会集体讨论决定，有条件的地区鼓励集体土地股份制改革，发展农民合作组织，由代表大会集体讨论授权行使农民集体的代表的权利、义务。
One is to make clear the subject of collective land ownership, to ensure that the exercise of the corresponding management power. In groups, village and township (town) peasants' collective third class all based, clear rural collective economic organizations of the connotation and law, legal status, effectively collective land ownership to implement with ownership of rural collective economic organizations, clear at all levels of the organization has equal legal status and the right to development. Clear the rights and duties of members of the rural collective organizations, clear the collective land ownership to exercise on behalf of the by collective economic organizations, members of Congress or temporarily by the collective village meeting to discuss the decision, conditional area to encourage the joint-stock reform of rural collective land, the development of farmer cooperation organization, collectively by the Congress discussed authorized to exercise the rights and obligations of the representatives of farmers collective.
二是加快农村集体土地确权，为集体经营提供制度保障。 农村集体土地确权是一项具有重要政策性、 制度性和系统性的基础工程，必须明晰各方面权属关系，消除集体经营的后顾之忧。 应当明确确权权利应涵盖所有权、承包权、经营权等各项权能，确权内容应包括权利主体、地块、四至、面积、用途、期限、变动状况等主要方面。 建议统一提高认识，足额安排人员和经费保障， 确保确权工作的进度和质量，不能因为工作量大、 经费短缺而压缩工作环节、减少确权内容。 通过集体土地确权，进一步明确发包主体和承包主体， 解决两个主体缺位的问题， 清晰界定土地主体和相关权利义务，促进土地流转和规模经营，提高统的层次和水平。
Two is to accelerate the rural collective land ownership, to provide institutional guarantee for collective management. Rural collective land ownership is a has important policy, system and system of foundation engineering, it must be clear of all aspects of the relations of ownership and eliminate the worries of collective management. Should be clear ownership right should be covering ownership, contract rights, the right to operate the empowerment, is indeed the right content should be right subject, block, four, size, use, the term, the change situations include. To improve the understanding of the proposed unified. Full staffing and financial security to ensure the progress and quality of the ownership of the work, not because of the heavy workload, the shortage of funds and compression link, reduce the content of the ownership. Through the collective land ownership, to further clarify the contract and the contract main body, to solve the problem of two main body vacancy, clearly defined land subject and related rights and obligations, promote land circulation and the scale of operation, improve the level of the system.
三是加快农业基础设施建设，为集体经营提供物质保障。 继续加大农业基础设施建设投入力度，以统一经营的集体土地为重点，加快高标准农田建设，同时提升农业机械化水平，重点促进大功率、高性能、智能化、复式作业机械的发展。 将土地确权登记、互换并地与农田基础设施建设结合起来，提高规模经营水平。 认真落实国家有关农业设施用地政策， 有效利用村庄内闲置地、建设用地或复垦土地，支持集体经营主体建设连栋温室、畜禽圈舍、水产养殖池塘、育种育苗、畜禽有机物处置、农机场库棚等生产设施，以及建设晾晒场、保鲜、烘干、仓储、初加工、生物质肥料生产等附属设施。
Three is to accelerate the construction of agricultural infrastructure, provide material guarantee for collective management. Continue to increase agricultural infrastructure construction investment, the unified management of collective land as the focus, speed up the construction of high standard farmland. At the same time, improve the level of agricultural mechanization, focusing on promoting the development of high power, high performance, intelligent, duplex operation machine. The registration of land ownership, and land swaps and farmland infrastructure construction combine to improve the level of scale. Conscientiously implement the national agricultural facilities on land policy, the effective use of the village of idle land, building or land reclamation, to support the collective management of the main building in greenhouse, livestock pens, aquatic products breeding pond, seedling breeding, livestock and poultry organic disposal, Shannon Airport shed and other production facilities, as well as construction drying, preservation, drying, storage, processing, bio fertilizer production and other ancillary facilities.
四是加紧培育新型职业农民，为集体经营提供人才保障。 出台引导奖励政策，建立新型职业农民培养和人才成长机制，为职业农民培育提供良好的政策环境，引导和培育一大批青壮年成为有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型职业农民，推进农民职业化。 按照“实际、实用、实效”的原则，切实提高培训的针对性和实效性。
The four is to cultivate new farmers' occupation, provide personnel for the protection of collective management. Introduction guide incentive policies, establish new farmer vocational training and talent development mechanism, for the farmer vocational training to provide a good policy environment, to guide and cultivate a large number of young adults become have culture, and understand technology, will operate the new professional farmers, promote the professionalization of the farmers. According to the actual and practical and effective "principle, effectively improve the pertinence and effectiveness of training.
从国家层面制定中长期新型农民培养规划，重点面向种养大户、家庭农场经营者、合作社带头人、农民经纪人、农机手和植保员等新型职业农民开展培训。 制定和完善大中专院校毕业生到农村务农的政策措施， 总结地方经验，对在农村就业的大中专院校毕业生给予补贴，并在户籍、社会保障等方面给予其和城镇居民相同的待遇。
From the national level to develop long-term new farmers training plan, the focus for breeding large, operators of family farms, cooperatives leaders, farmers, brokers, agricultural hand and plant protection and other members of the new professional farmers to carry out training. Formulation and policy measures to improve college graduates to rural farming, summing up experience, to subsidize the rural employment of college graduates, and give the urban residents of the same treatment in the household registration, social security and so on.
五是强化农业服务体系建设，为集体经营提供服务保障。 继续强化农业公益性服务体系， 抓紧建立公共服务机构人员聘用制度，规范人员上岗条件，选择有真才实学的专业技术人员进入公共服务管理队伍。 全面推行以公益性服务人员包村联户（合作社、企业、基地等）为主要模式的工作责任制度，逐步形成服务人员抓示范户、示范户带动辐射户的公益性服务工作新机制，不断增强乡镇公共服务机构的服务能力。 加快培育农业经营性服务组织，采取政府订购、定向委托、奖励补助、招投标等方式，引导农民合作社、专业服务公司、专业技术协会、农民经纪人、涉农企业等经营性服务组织参与公益性服务， 大力开展病虫害统防统治、动物疫病防控、农田灌排、地膜覆盖和回收等生产性服务。 培育会计审计、资产评估、政策法律咨询等涉农中介服务组织。
Five is to strengthen the construction of agricultural service system, to provide security services for collective management. Continue to strengthen the public service system of agriculture, pay close attention to the establishment of public service personnel employment system, standardize personnel appointment conditions, choose knowledgeable professional and technical personnel to enter public service management team. The full implementation of to public service personnel Baocun households (cooperatives, enterprises, base) as the main mode of system of job responsibility, and gradually form a service personnel grasping demonstration households, demonstration households drive radiation households of public service mechanism, and constantly enhance the township public service agencies and service ability. Accelerate the development of agricultural management services organization, take the government ordering, directed the Commission, grant awards, recruit tender, guide a farmer cooperatives, professional services company, association of professional technology, farmers, brokers, agriculture related enterprises operating service organizations involved in public welfare services, vigorously carry out pest damage system control, animal disease prevention and control, irrigation and drainage, plastic film mulching and recovery production services. Cultivation of accounting and auditing, assets evaluation, policy and legal advice and other agriculture related intermediary service organizations.