2019 is the first year of the implementation of the new government accounting system. Some administrative institutions have encountered some problems in accounting, especially the budget units feel very complicated about the accounting of financial escrow funds. Combined with the actual work, this paper puts forward the accounting treatment scheme of financial escrow funds for everyone to discuss.
1、 The current management mode of financial escrow funds in administrative institutions
Taking the county where the author is located as an example, according to the provisions of the notice on clearing the bank accounts of county-level budget units, the budget unit has only set up a basic account with zero balance for the unit to authorize transfer payment and cash withdrawal. At present, the specific management principles and revenue and expenditure processes of the fiscal escrow funds of the county budget unit are as follows: first, the principle of "four invariants and one change", the executive body of the budget unit remains unchanged, the approval right of funds remains unchanged, the right to use funds remains unchanged, and the accounting right remains unchanged. What changes is only the settler, that is, the financial staff of the original unit handles the fund settlement business instead of the Treasury Department of the County Finance Bureau centrally handles the fund settlement business; The second is the principle of unified management of unit funds. The budget unit transfers all the funds in the original actual deposit account and the funds that may flow into the unit in the future to the "special account for financial escrow funds" opened by the county finance bureau to implement unified fiscal escrow; The third is the principle of timely convenience. The County Finance Bureau and the relevant budget units conduct accounting in the form of current accounts. The fund payment management method refers to the financial budget fund payment mode and simplifies the approval procedures. After receiving the budget unit's escrow funds, the Treasury Department will lower the unit's financial escrow fund index to the relevant units, and directly pay or authorize the payment plan according to the budget unit's application for approval, The funds are allocated through the national treasury centralized payment network system, and finally the agent bank of the special fiscal account is responsible for the liquidation of the financial escrow funds.
2、 Case analysis of financial escrow funds in administrative institutions
（1） Cases
1. Suppose a unit receives it on January 9, 2019 ×× The vehicle accident compensation of the insurance company is 5000 yuan, and the hospitalization deposit advanced by the unit is 9000 yuan (the corresponding account of the bottom account in 2018 is "other fund carry forward balance"); Received 30000 yuan of special work subsidy from superior competent departments (superior financial funds); Employee Li Si paid back 1820 yuan of travel expenses reimbursed beyond the standard on January 4; Received 6100 yuan of utilities consumed by the rental house last month; Collect 104000 yuan of communication subsidies from 2013 to 2018; received ×× The company's project quality deposit is 8000 yuan; Received the employee Wang Wu pension of 169000 yuan transferred from the insurance department, and the above funds have been deposited (remitted) into the escrow account of the Finance Bureau. It is approved to rent the houses along the street, and the contract rent is 15000 yuan / month (the contract stipulates that the lessee shall pay the rent before the 7th of each month, and the relevant taxes are not considered in this case). The rent has not been received.
2. On January 15, 2019, the authorized payment limit of 40000 yuan of financial escrow funds was received, and 6500 yuan of cash was withdrawn; The unit pays a fine of 20000 yuan for violating the accounting law (authorized transfer payment), 6000 yuan for the person in charge of the unit and 2000 yuan for the financial supervisor (cash); Donated 1000 yuan to the school's "poverty relief and student assistance" fund; Pay the employee Wang Wu pension of 169000 yuan (direct method); Pay 13000 yuan for the daily maintenance of the office building (10000 Yuan directly and 3000 yuan authorized); Received the rent of 15000 yuan for the houses along the street and handed it over to the financial department; Business card payment for wireless Bluetooth headset 10500 yuan (300 yuan × 35).
3. On January 23, 2019, the financial department recovered the carry over balance funds of the unit for more than two years according to the regulations, including 33000 yuan of the project balance funds deposited in the financial escrow account and 5000 yuan of the financial allocation carry over funds; The temporary project carry forward funds listed in the accounting account of the general financial budget are 88000 yuan (budget funds carry forward of previous years).
4. On January 25, 2019, one desktop computer was approved for disposal, with an original value of 5000 yuan and depreciation of 4860 yuan; Dispose of one stylus printer, with an original value of 4500 yuan and depreciation of 4500 yuan; The disposal price of the above two office equipment is 300 yuan.
5. On January 31, 2019, 5500 yuan of cash on hand will be deposited into the fiscal escrow account and carried forward at the end of the month.
（2） Accounting treatment
At present, the main reason why accountants are confused about the accounting of fiscal escrow funds under the new system is that the payment method has changed. Therefore, we can first treat the fiscal escrow fund account as the "bank deposit" account of our unit, and then understand it in combination with the accounting treatment of the centralized treasury payment method.
1. Relevant business processing on January 9, 2019.
(1) Received 5000 yuan of vehicle insurance compensation, and recovered 9000 yuan of hospitalization deposit advanced by the unit.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 14000
Credit: other income 5000
Other receivables - traffic accident advance 9000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 14000
Credit: other budget income 5000
Balance of non-financial appropriations - beginning balance adjustment 9000
(2) The special work subsidy received from the superior competent department (superior financial funds) is 30000 yuan.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 30000
Credit: non equivalent financial appropriation income 30000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 30000 Loans: budget income of non equivalent financial allocations 30000
(3) Employee Li Si paid back 1820 yuan of travel expenses reimbursed beyond the standard on January 4; Received 6100 yuan of utilities consumed by the rental house last month.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 7920
Credit: business activity expenses - goods and services expenses - travel expenses
1 820
Cost of business activities - Expenditure on goods and services - Utilities
6 100
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 7920
Loan: administrative expenditure - goods and services expenditure - travel expenses
1 820
Administrative expenditure - goods and services expenditure - Utilities
6 100
(4) The company collected 1.04 billion yuan of communication subsidies from 2013 to 2018.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 104000
Credit: Earnings adjustment of previous years 104000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 104000
Credit: financial appropriation carry forward - balance adjustment at the beginning of the year 104000
(5) Received ×× The project quality deposit of the company is 8000 yuan, and the employee Wang Wu pension transferred from the insurance department is 169000 yuan.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 177000
Credit: other payables—— ×× Company project deposit 8000
Other payables - Wang Wu pension 169000
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
(6) It is approved to rent the houses along the street. The contract rent is 15000 yuan / month, and the rent has not been received.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: other receivables - house rent (January) 15000
Credit: fiscal payable 15000
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
2. Relevant business processing on January 15, 2019.
(1) The authorized payment limit of 40000 yuan received from the financial escrow fund.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow 40000
Loan: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 40000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - zero balance account amount - fiscal custody
40 000
Credit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 40000
(2) Withdraw 6500 yuan in cash.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: cash on hand 6500
Credit: zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow 6500
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: capital balance - monetary capital - cash on hand 6500
Credit: capital balance - zero balance account amount
——Fiscal escrow 6500
(3) The paying unit will be fined 20000 yuan (authorized transfer payment) for violating the accounting law, and the person in charge of the unit will be 6000 yuan and the financial supervisor will be 2000 yuan (cash); Donated 1000 yuan to the school's "poverty relief and student assistance" fund.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: other expenses - fine and confiscation expenses 20000
Other expenses - cash asset donation 1000
Other payables - personal fine 8000
Credit: zero balance account amount - fiscal custody 20000
Cash on hand 9000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other expenditures - financial appropriation expenditure
(or non-financial special expenditure or other capital expenditure) 21000
Credit: capital balance - zero balance account amount
——Fiscal escrow 20000
Capital balance - monetary capital - cash on hand 1000
(4) The direct payment of Wang Wu's pension to employees of the unit is 1.69 billion yuan. The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: other payables - Wang Wu pension 169000
Loan: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 169000
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
(5) Pay 13000 yuan for the daily maintenance of the office building.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: business activity expenses - goods and services expenses - maintenance expenses
13 000
Loan: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 10000
Zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow 3000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: administrative expenditure - basic expenditure - goods and services expenditure
——Maintenance fee 13000
Credit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 10000
Fund balance - zero balance account amount - fiscal custody
3 000
(6) Received the rent of 15000 yuan for the houses along the street and handed it over to the financial department.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: payable Financial Funds - house rent 15000
Credit: other receivables - house rent (January) 15000
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
(7) Buy Wireless Bluetooth headset with official card for 10500 yuan.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: fixed assets - General equipment - communication equipment
——Wireless Bluetooth headset 10500
Credit: other payables - official card 10500
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
(8) When authorizing transfer to repay official card:
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: other payables - official card 10500
Credit: zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow 10500
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: administrative expenditure - basic expenditure - capital expenditure
——Purchase of special equipment 10500
Credit: capital balance - zero balance account amount
——Fiscal escrow 10500
3. Relevant business processing on January 23, 2019.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: accumulated surplus 126000
Loan: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow 38000
Fiscal refundable amount 88000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: balance of financial appropriation - collected and handed over 121000
Financial appropriation carry forward - collected and turned over 5000
Credit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 38000
Fund balance - 88000 financial refundable limit
4. Relevant business processing on January 25, 2019.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: asset disposal expenses (5000-4860 + 4500-4500) 140
Accumulated depreciation of fixed assets (4860+4500) 9360
Credit: fixed assets 9500
Debit: cash on hand 300
Credit: payable financial fund 300
When turning over to finance:
Debit: financial payables 300
Credit: cash on hand 300
Budget accounting: no accounting treatment.
5. Relevant business processing on January 31, 2019. (1) Deposit 6000 yuan of cash on hand into the fiscal escrow account.
The financial accounting treatment is:
Debit: Other Monetary Funds - fiscal custody 6000
Credit: cash on hand 6000
Budget accounting treatment is:
Debit: fund balance - Monetary Funds - other monetary funds
——Fiscal escrow 6000
Credit: capital balance - monetary capital - cash on hand 6000
(2) Month end carry forward. Financial Accounting: transfer the current amount of various income accounts to the current surplus credit, and transfer the current amount of various expenditure accounts to the current surplus debit.
3、 Summary of accounting treatment of main businesses and matters of financial escrow funds of administrative institutions
From the previous case analysis, it can be seen that the accounting treatment of the financial escrow funds of administrative institutions is still analyzed and accounted from the perspectives of fund source, fund outflow and period end carry forward, which is basically the same as the normal budget fund accounting method of each unit. The following is a summary of the accounting treatment of businesses or matters that the unit may encounter in its daily work according to the flow of funds in financial custody.
（1） Capital inflow
When receiving funds from superior departments or other sources, the financial accounting treatment is: debit the title of "other monetary funds - Financial custody" and credit the title of "superior subsidy income / income handed over by affiliated units / other income / other payables / other receivables". The budget accounting treatment is: debit the "fund balance - Monetary Funds - Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow" title, and credit the "superior budget subsidy income / budget income handed over by affiliated units / other budget income" and other income subjects.
（2） Capital outflow
1. Direct payment. According to the direct payment entry notice and the original vouchers, the financial accounting treatment is: debit the title of "business activity expenses / unit management expenses / inventory items / fixed assets / intangible assets / employee compensation payable / other payables / other receivables" and credit the title of "other monetary funds - Financial custody". The budget accounting treatment is: debit the "administrative expenditure / business expenditure" and other expenditure subjects, and credit the "fund balance - Monetary Funds - Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow" title.
2. Authorized payment. (1) After receiving the notice of receipt of financial authorized payment limit, the financial accounting treatment is: debit the "zero balance account amount - Financial escrow" title, and credit the "other monetary funds - Financial escrow" title. The budget accounting treatment is: debit the title of "fund balance - zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow" and credit the title of "fund balance - Monetary Funds - Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow". (2) The financial accounting treatment when capital expenditure (outflow) occurs is: debit the title of "business activity expenses / unit management expenses / inventory items / fixed assets / intangible assets / employee compensation payable / other payables / other receivables" and credit the title of "zero balance account amount - Financial custody (or cash on hand)". The budget accounting treatment is: debit the "administrative expenditure / business expenditure" and other expenditure subjects, and credit the "fund balance - zero balance account amount - Financial escrow (or fund balance - Monetary Funds - cash on hand)" subject. (3) When withdrawing cash. The financial accounting treatment is: debit the "cash on hand" title and credit the "zero balance account amount - Financial escrow" title. The budget accounting treatment is: debit the title of "fund balance - Monetary Funds - cash on hand" and credit the title of "fund balance - zero balance account amount - Financial escrow".
（3） Transfer of fiscal escrow funds at the end of the year
1. For the authorized payment limit that has been approved but not used up in the current year, after the reconciliation is correct, the budget unit will cancel the limit according to the statement provided by the agent bank, and the balance of the cancelled zero balance account will be transferred to "other monetary funds - Financial custody". The financial accounting treatment is: debit the title of "other monetary funds - fiscal escrow" and credit the title of "zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow". The budget accounting treatment is: debit the title of "fund balance - Monetary Funds - Other Monetary Funds - fiscal escrow" and credit the title of "fund balance - zero balance account amount - fiscal escrow".
2. For unapproved direct payment and authorized payment plans, the Treasury Department and business department will reduce the plan recovery indicators, and the budget unit will not do accounting treatment.
（4） Financial accounting carry forward
1. At the end of the period, the current amount of various income accounts is transferred to the current surplus credit, and the current amount of various expenditure accounts is transferred to the current surplus debit.
2. At the end of the year, the balance of the "current surplus" account is transferred to the "current surplus distribution" account. If a special fund is withdrawn from the non-financial appropriation balance or operating balance of the current year according to relevant regulations, the withdrawal amount calculated under budget accounting shall be used; After the above processing is completed according to the regulations, the balance of the "current year's surplus distribution" account is transferred to the "cumulative surplus" account.
To sum up, the essence of the accounting treatment of the financial escrow funds of administrative institutions is that each unit must first make clear the source and purpose of the funds deposited (remitted) in the escrow account of the Financial Bureau (such as: income funds or current funds; financial appropriation funds, non-financial special funds or other funds). Only in this way can the accounting treatment be carried out correctly. All administrative institutions shall conduct accounting in strict accordance with the provisions of the new government accounting system and standards, comprehensively and accurately reflect the financial data information of the unit, and ensure the smooth implementation of the government accounting standards and systems in administrative institutions.