The core issue of physics experiment teaching is the cultivation of innovation spirit and practice ability, so that students in experiment hands-on practice in the process of understanding the laws of natural science, particularly important is to let the students through experiments, not only learn physics knowledge, and master the process and methods of natural science inquiry, and inspire the students' innovative thinking, let students from life to physics, from physics to society. Galileo once said, "the truth of science should not be found in the book of the ancient saints, but in the experiment and in the theory of experiment." Physical teaching is the purpose of studying objects, munetomo. The goal of experimental teaching, in addition to learning science knowledge, training practical skills, but also lies in the development of creative ability, improve the students to explore the scientific literacy. As in teaching students through self designing experiments, collect and analysis of experimental data, and independent activities to improve the practical ability, so that students can learn to respect the importance of objective facts, but also develop the academic attitude of seeking truth from facts. At the same time, students can cooperate with each other in the experiment, not only to carry forward the spirit of cooperation, but also in the processing of experimental information to foster awareness of the creation of collaborative practice.
1, through the exploratory experiment can cultivate students' interest
Through observation of teacher presentations and hands-on, get the specific objective facts in physics experiment teaching of middle school students, and clear on the affair of cognition, which is from life to physics; and then through the analysis of experimental data, inquiry and initiate thinking to explore the world of science, which is from the physical to the society. We know that the experiment and the experimental data contain both knowledge, but also the strict attitude of the innovation of science. It is an excellent way to develop new talents in the current quality education, scientific and technological talents and creative talents. Lan Kelin fly a kite to collect electricity this highly risky experiment to prove that physicists have discovered the law of science is a process full of legendary, and what touches Franklin's life to experiment with it is interest. Teachers in the past is usually demonstrated conclusion set of data, which can effectively show physicists discovered the laws of science and the interest in odd; student experiment in group mostly verification experiment, as long as the students follow the steps on the line, the operation process without more thinking and exploration, also there is no need to explore the innovation, which is not conducive to the cultivation of students' creative ability.
"New curriculum" requirements: any use of "through the experiment," the wording of the statement of knowledge, in the classroom teaching must be through the experiment to complete the study, which is the standard of the basic requirements of the physical experiment teaching. Teachers in the teaching process should provide some equipment, carry out a variety of experimental teaching activities, to guide students in the classroom experiment in the process of independent design experiments, according to the facts recorded, bold conjecture. To ensure that students acquire more knowledge of physics, teachers in teaching should be as far as possible not specified the principle, allowing the students to choose their own experimental equipment and the determination of the experimental procedures, from the start of the experiment, the collected information to analyze and summarize, the students completed.
1.1, Einstein once said: "interest is the best teacher"
Physical experiment by students of learning interest, and how to make learning an abiding interest, the key is teachers should according to the cognitive features of students in experimental design, should according to the specific circumstances of the appropriate additional some students experiment and increase the student's mobile phone will explore. Experiment and practice in the process of teachers must pay close attention to students the experimental phenomena observed, guide the students to explain the experimental phenomena, inspire students to think and summary, and then let the students under the premise of understanding the principle of practical design, equipment selection and combination device and independent experiments.
Such as "optical" "light travels in straight lines", began to do not introduce the way of light propagation, but give students a mirror for reflecting the game, when the attention of the students are concentrated in the game, in fact, they have to understand "light doesn't turn", this is the psychology of "pay attention to meaning"; and when they saw the light is blocked will leave a shadow, will be in contact with reality, draw the conclusion, this is "no intention to pay attention". Students will be sprouting issued "commonplace life, but disagree, and as long as the hands to try, will be enlightened, this is thinking consciousness by" no intention to pay attention "to" Noticing "and into the scientific discovery of rhythm, also is to raise the general perception of objective things to strong expectations of scientific inquiry, and hands-on desire to create. During the process of teachers adroitly guide action according to circumstances, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude to enable students to complete the construction of knowledge innovation in taste pleasure, the formation of the concept of innovation.
1.2, with the circle, as retreat webs -- using experimental equipment
The teaching process using appropriate teaching aid can help students form perceptual knowledge and improve the ability to understand, teachers can combine teaching requires the use of teaching aids, as far as possible the use of life items as the experimental equipment. Such as the need for transparency in instruments can be used when the glass, bottles and other daily necessities of life. In this way, not only can make the scientific life and more closely linked, also can let the students feel more closely the life of science, but also can enhance the richness of the class, students' innovation consciousness also inspired. For example, learning "conductor" and "insulator", the teacher showed the campus of a broken tree (specifically to leave a Pian Shuye) asked whether the conductor? Students observe the green leaves, easy to answer questions. Another such as the study of "Newton's first law", the use of textbooks to open to do, so that table tennis balls from the surface to roll down, compared to the surface of the towel, the board surface of different distances. Finally, the conclusion is: the surface is rough, the moving distance is shorter.
1.3, the paper come Zhongjue shallow, no matter known to practice and practice decision theory
Xun Kuang said: "not heard of if not heard, if it does not see, see if the do not know, do not know if the line." The acquisition of physical knowledge comes from life, and the students' homework is an important way to link the production and the life of the physics teaching. Teachers can design some physical problems or physical phenomena in the life to make the students practice. For example: let students electricity to electric power consumption of the table and stopwatch Measuring TV in standby mode, and to estimate a family in which the waste electrical can is how much. If a TV standby power consumption of 5W, the average daily watch TV 4h, then, one year standby consumption of electricity is 36.5 degrees. It is excellent for improving students' practical ability and energy conservation awareness.
Inquiry based experiment is the best practice method for students to verify the theory. So-called inquiry experiment is the first of a physical phenomenon, questions, and then select the experimental equipment according to the method, an experimental program determined. Last, we should to get the experimental data and phenomena were correct analysis, processing, so as to obtain the correct conclusions. The purpose of practical inquiry is to find and describe the relationship between objects and objects. Scientific inquiry content from five aspects to consider: (1) the physics of the basic concepts and rules; (2) physics exploratory experiments; (3) and physics relevant multi-disciplinary integration problems; (4) in real life problems in physics; (5) in the frontier of Science in physics problem.
Exploration practice including observe, question, practice, comparison, induction, generalization, expression and application of process; scientific experiments of the form is varied, the main elements: (1) questions, conjecture and hypothesis; (2) plan and design experiments; (3) analysis and demonstration; (4) evaluation, exchanges and cooperation. Students' inquiry can be involved in all the elements, but also can only involve some elements, which is very good for improving students' creative consciousness and creative ability. Such as "electrical" solenoid "design of a magnetic intensity can be changed"
Knowledge of practice, students can paint package line or common lamp wire, stem cell, nails, pencil core, do the experiment, with pencil making sliding rheostat, if the pencil core variable resistance effect is not obvious, change batteries number has reached the requirements of the experiment, the experiment phenomenon is obvious, easy to operate, help students consolidate the "current magnetic field", "affect the strength of solenoid magnetic factors", "sliding rheostat principle".
2, the design of inquiry experiment situation, let students "moved by sight, dry matter spur of the moment"
In physics experiment teaching practice process, for common things units of physical quantity, such as quality, scale, speed, power and frequency of learning: advance some life in the physical, and let the student to the physical quantities size make a preliminary estimation; then use measuring instruments to measure accurately the real, let the students from the scene school learning physical quantity and rate. For the design of the experimental scheme, has stimulated interest interest situation can effectively stimulate students' interest in the activities and enhance the experimental results obtained by perceptual knowledge and rational understanding.
Create the situation organization student experiment, when the student meets the big resistance in the experiment to give some guidance. Situational inquiry is the first to a physical phenomenon put forward the question, and then select the experimental equipment according to a certain method, determine the experiment scheme. Finally, the obtained experimental data and phenomena were correct treatment, so as to draw a correct conclusion.
This not only can arouse students' interest in teaching, but also can cultivate students' ability to discover problems, analyze problems and solve problems. The purpose of this study is to find and describe the relationship between objects and things, and to explore the activities, including observation, questions, practice, reasoning, and other processes. Experiments such as the size of the objects' density '', through in a glass of water down the oil, and the oil floating on the surface of the situation proposed problem "the greater the liquid density and the specific heat capacity C and more." to enable students to enter the conjecture, given some of the liquid density value.
As follows:
Not knowing the material between the heat capacity and ratio of length is obtained through experimental method. Alternative experimental equipment: iron stand, asbestos, matches, stopwatch, balance, beaker, thermometer, line, alcohol lamp table in various liquids. This experiment is intended to test the overall grasp and design ability of the students in the experiment process. Through the experiment, students will find the same quality of different substances, absorb the same heat, the temperature is different, this is a characteristic of the material.
Students put forward the following questions through the experiment:
What is the principle of this experiment?
What is the control variables in the test?
How to make the operation of heating objects suffer the same energy?
The questions raised by the students reflect the positive thinking of the experimental phenomenon and the desire to explore the laws of natural science. Let the students take the problem to the experiment, so that students can not only cultivate the ability, but also to cultivate students' thinking ability. After the experiment, the teacher should organize the students to say the experiment process and the result, and to cultivate the ability of the students to generalize and express.
3, "the teacher is to teach, not in the overall award, while the camera in the"
Physics "new curriculum standard" is based on the content of physics as material, so that students get lifelong learning interest, habits and good learning ability, help students to establish a scientific value. In the design of experiment teaching, life actually expanding experimental teaching, timely some extension of validation experiments for the inquiry based experiments, not only conducive to the cultivation of students' divergent thinking, to develop students' intelligence, still can make more experimental with inspiration, and the solving problem, from physics to society. As Tao Xingzhi said: "action difficulties; difficulties of doubt; doubt hypothesis; hypothesis test; test assertion; assertion and the action, so the evolution is in the endless.
Teachers must change "only talked to teach" concept should be according to the experiments of preparation may need all the experimental equipment, time and potential, timely guidance, to give students space of self design, selection, assembly and finished the experiment. Such as "great pressure" teaching, in addition to do some demonstration experiments, but also to guide students to life to find the phenomenon of air pressure. Such as life people commonly used rubber bowl to hang things, and rubber bowl by hanging the gravity of an object size and what factors are related, experimental equipment is the size of a rubber bowl and wall students through many experiments will find: affordability cup and leather bowl of adsorption capacity and adsorption force and skin bowl size, and surface smooth degree and so on. Students through their repeated attempts to understand the problem of repeated experiments to explore the problem, the conclusion will be more scientific and more accurate, will develop good analysis, objective summary of the good habits.
Dewey said: "the best education is to learn from life." Middle school physics teaching is to experiment based and obtain the physical knowledge of the subject. So, whether it is teaching content arrangement, teaching strategies, and teaching experiment design, to enable students to maintain the nature of the enthusiasm for research, promotion of scientific exploration desire. In particular, the experiment is not only to acquire knowledge and skills, experience process and methods, or to guide students to independent, cooperative and exchange platform, but also to develop students' intelligence, cultivate students' innovative ability.