Chinese MBA (MBA) professional degree graduate education began in 1991, after 20 years of rapid development, there are currently 236 MBA professional degree training units, has become one of the China graduate professional degree largest training. In order to further promote the professional graduate education reform and development, the Ministry of education in April 2010 and October respectively issued the "notice" of the Ministry of education to carry out a graduate degree in comprehensive education reform pilot work and "the Ministry of Education approved the relevant colleges and professional degree graduate education comprehensive reform pilot work notice", the the specific job requirements and comprehensive reform, aimed at changing the concept of education, innovation training mode, reform the management system, enhance the ability of graduate students. II. The graduate professional degree comprehensive reform involving MBA, master of public administration, master of engineering, 15 professional degree in 64 colleges and universities, the study of MBA degree comprehensive reform of education, 18 universities, accounting for 7.6% of the total China MBA training institutions, reform of universities from Beijing City, Shanghai City, Chongqing City, Liaoning Province, Hubei province and other 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, as shown in table 1. The comprehensive reform of education through the study of professional degree, 18 colleges formed a distinctive MBA training pattern in personnel training mode reform and innovation management mechanism has accumulated certain experience, analyze and summarize the pilot college experience and characteristics, and provide the reference for the reform and development of other MBA professional college degree and other professional degree.
First, the experience and characteristics of MBA comprehensive reform pilot
(a) innovation of personnel training mode
MBA personnel training mode innovation mainly includes curriculum, teachers, teaching and training methods, graduate students practical ability and professional skills, practice base construction, evaluation standards and methods.
In the aspect of curriculum system, the pilot colleges and Universities under the requirements of the MBA talent training objectives, the curriculum program for the previous in-depth modification and all-round optimization. First, the introduction of humanities, humanities education curriculum MBA such as Wuhan University has constructed the "humanities courses - Humanities lecture - Humanities humanities practice -" one of the four culture systems; Peking University opened a "historically" management "philosophy and life" and other humanities courses, build the humane spirit of MBA project. Second, the elective courses were optimized and redesigned, such as the Peking University elective course introduce "market mechanism", set up by the Enrollment Decision of elective courses; Chongqing University according to their business needs and personal needs and personal development will open elective courses, and can meet different needs and interests of students from many different backgrounds the. Third, to establish the module or category of curriculum system, such as the Chongqing University in ensuring the necessary basic knowledge of MBA, including a set of concise innovation module, global business module, financial accounting and financial module of four modules of the curriculum system. Fourth, the establishment of dynamic curriculum system, such as the development of Northeastern University, "customized" curriculum system and Central University of Finance and Economics can continue to improve the curriculum system. Fifth, according to the curriculum MBA personnel training, such as the Renmin University of China, to integrate the practice of internationalization and three special as a breakthrough, to set the courses, including the development of the integration of the development team practice project, carry out diversified international cooperation, curriculum system. Sixth, MBA curriculum system construction of school enterprise cooperation, such as Zhongshan University MBA courses taught by teachers and business executives, enterprises in the classroom setting, and the business simulation competition and curriculum integration, the effect is significant.
In the construction of teaching staff, the pilot colleges and universities in accordance with the needs of MBA personnel training to actively explore and try. First, actively construct the double type MBA teaching team, such as the University of Science and Technology of China through institutionalized and standardized method requires the application and practical courses implementation of "double teaching mode"; Fuzhou University actively construct the double type of combination of part-time teachers, senior technical staff to encourage school teachers and industry research institutes and enterprises to jointly develop teaching resources, growth in business practice. Second, the formation of "dual system" course team and dissertation supervisor group, such as the Hubei University MBA team hired highly educated high grade business executives or professional and technical personnel as a school curriculum and teachers, in the graduation thesis of the hire business mentor as thesis advisor.
In the aspect of teaching training, the pilot colleges and universities actively explore innovation, fully highlight the characteristics of College education. First, cultivate the case teaching model based on teaching practice, such as the Beihang University (hereinafter referred to as the "northern") to build "two case" teaching mode, fully demonstrate the northern characteristics; East China Normal University has formed the case teaching system based on the case research and development, system of case teaching, practical, comprehensive case class brand the case of the annual contest, full written report "case management features to occupation ability training oriented.
Second, the establishment of double master training mode, such as the MBA + X double degree training program of Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University with the CLGO project management and engineering to build a dual master training platform. Third, establish and implement the "training" mode, such as the Renmin University of China actively broaden the training channels, will be gradually incorporated into the activities outside the classroom teaching training system, including the formation of multiple channels of training in the classroom culture, classroom culture, classroom culture combined.
In the aspect of graduate students' practical ability and professional skills training, the pilot colleges and universities try to explore and innovate the teaching methods and ways of MBA practice. First, the practice ability training mode based on project or courses, such as the Fudan University to carry out the iLab project, starting from the needs of enterprises for MBA students in the form of group on the practical issues in the development of enterprises to carry out special consulting or research; Yunnan University and MIT SLOAN School of management cooperation, common development and design consulting practice in the course of ---MIT China Lab (class Chinese enterprise cooperation practice), to provide enterprise management consulting services for local small and medium enterprises. Second, based on the practice ability training mode of overseas study exchange, such as Tsinghua University and MIT SLOAN, Stanford University and other well-known institutions of overseas cooperation in various kinds of practical projects. Third, training mode competition ability based on practice, such as the Yunnan University implementation practice (second class) the new mechanism, set up a "second classroom" teaching module and practice module, practice module includes in school level above entrepreneurship competition, GMC competition or case competition etc..
In the practice of the construction of practice base, Fuzhou University has gradually established a embody the professional characteristics, to achieve the combination of open innovation and entrepreneurship practice base and target including financial engineering laboratory, ERP laboratory, public practice platform. University of Science and Technology of China in order to adapt to the requirements of MBA experiential teaching, with a number of enterprises to build a practice base, regular MBA trainees to the base for practical training.
In the aspects of evaluation standards and methods, the pilot colleges and universities actively try to reform the traditional evaluation system, and innovate the evaluation system of MBA education quality. First, a variety of forms of curriculum assessment, such as Fuzhou University, the use of research reports, curriculum defense and other assessment methods to replace the traditional curriculum examination. Second, graduation report instead of graduate thesis, such as the Tsinghua University MBA project is currently used to replace the graduation thesis report, graduation report forms include strategic research, business planning, case analysis, industry competition analysis / thirteen forms. Third, we should emphasize the practical application as the goal oriented assessment, such as the combination of the MBA thesis and the professional practice of Wuhan University, to build the MBA quality control and evaluation system based on practice.
(two) management mechanism reform
The reform of the management mechanism mainly includes the adjustment of the mode of enrollment, the cooperation between enterprises and colleges and universities, the construction of the evaluation and evaluation mechanism of teaching and research, and the improvement of the organization and management.
In terms of enrollment adjustment, the pilot colleges and universities to take the form of a variety of forms of enrollment, innovative MBA enrollment model to attract more students with greater potential for training. First, early interview + national exam line "enrollment patterns, such as Peking University, Renmin University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics and Wuhan University" Hony "project, is taken in this way, the applicant in the organized by the school after the interview only in the MBA unified entrance examination in line can reach the national admission, greatly increases the chance to apply for selection the. Second, indefinite batch, rolling enrollment mode, only Peking University full-time classes and international class MBA project to take this approach. Third, three years of cultivation of Peking University used the track "X plan", namely the undergraduates in Peking University organized a "plan X" camp or the National College of business administration case contest, quasi admission qualifications, after 3 years without interview, only in the national entrance examination in MBA reaches the state line can be admitted by Peking University.
In the school enterprise cooperation, the pilot colleges and universities actively cooperate with the resources of enterprise innovation MBA education training new model. First, the cooperation form of project based on CLGO, such as the Shanghai Jiao Tong University cooperative enterprises deeply involved in the various project management, curriculum and other aspects, in the project practice exercise to enhance the overall quality of students. Second, the cooperation form of teaching and practice based on the practice, such as the Central University of Finance and Economics and other colleges and universities to deepen cooperation, and jointly set up a cooperative enterprise operation platform of teaching and practice courses, classroom teaching, practice and practice of enterprise and entrepreneurship counseling and counseling training to achieve full integration, development and innovation on the mode of MBA.
In the aspect of teaching and scientific research assessment and evaluation mechanism, evaluation mechanism of teachers of Inner Mongolia University MBA traditional reform for teacher assessment, the extension evaluation of the content in the original basis, invited graduate MBA students with their own practice and puts forward some suggestions to establish a more objective and practical experience, and comprehensive evaluation system.
Fudan University has set up teaching evaluation system based on iLab project, including project implementation process and from the end of the students, between students and guide the teachers and the students and between the enterprise and between students and all-round multi angle evaluation.
In the aspect of improving the construction of organization and management institutions, the pilot colleges and universities should strengthen the reform and innovation of the management system of MBA degree education in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of education and the national MBA teaching steering committee. With the help of opportunities such as Chongqing University comprehensive reform pilot project on the MBA of professional institutional reform, with the guidance of the "standardized management, pay attention to the quality of" School of thought, set up a "covering international affairs, student services, education and training, market development" as one of the management team, the organization's management professional further, complete management system process and based on this, re sort and optimize the business process management institutions and personnel to implement.
Two, MBA comprehensive reform pilot results significantly
Strengthening the construction of teaching staff through multiple channels, and improving the level of Teachers
Pilot universities strive to build the double qualified teachers, mentors to guide students to employ common enterprise, instructor as excellent corporate executives, work experience, the internal and external double tutorial mode to protect the common theory and practice and improve the students' integration. Encourage school teachers and Industry Research Institute senior technical personnel and enterprises to jointly develop teaching resources, promote teachers' growth in practice, cooperation with enterprises to cultivate the core attachment teachers greatly enhance the teachers' practical experience and skills.
MBA encourages teachers to domestic first-class university as a visiting scholar, short term, overseas study experience to teachers' international horizons further open.
(two) the curriculum is reflected in the demand oriented, effective response to the future development of the industry and students
"Industry custom" "industry module" curriculum tailored to the specific needs of industry enterprises tailored to specific, personalized training programs. In the guarantee of basic education standards, curriculum goals determine by the market supply, the business environment is complex and changeable, emerging industries and enterprises emerging now, cutting-edge curriculum reform initiative to make the course content and practice enhancement, reflects the characteristics of the professional degree of occupation.
(three) the case teaching achievements and become MBA major highlights
The pilot universities attach great importance to the construction of case teaching and case base. Through the comprehensive reform, the pilot case teaching and case base construction of the University significantly and get a variety of awards in the domestic universities in a leading position. Such as the northern 2011-2012 for 2 consecutive years won the national 100 excellent management case "the highest number of 5, the total award ranked third in the country, and was awarded the national MBA Education Steering Committee" best organization award "; selected Ivey case base 2 and officially included 1 papers. Fuzhou University currently has 110 cases, and 1 case was selected as the 2011 national "100 outstanding management cases, 2 cases were Chinese management case sharing center. East China Normal University MBA case teaching as the main teaching method, the core curriculum at least 1/4 forms to carry out the case teaching, during the comprehensive reform, East China Normal University MBA has selected 12 case national 100 excellent management case ", and in the third session of the national 100 excellent management case" won the award "best organization award".
(four) with regard to the formation of consensus and practice of internationalization, the internationalization of MBA professional degree education is significant
Pilot universities have different degrees of internationalization and mentioned, forms, such as hiring foreign teachers, international class, international exchange, international travel, international double degree, the international approach to develop the students' horizons, promote exchanges and cooperation with other countries Chinese MBA education related fields, improve the Chinese MBA influence. Chongqing University launched the Chinese Vietnamese MBA project is China's first export to overseas Chinese MBA graduate education program, to enhance the influence of China's business education in Southeast Asian countries.
(five) as a professional manager in the future, the sense of social responsibility is increasingly strengthened
MBA talent is the future of entrepreneurs, business elites and leaders, their values and responsibilities lead the business enterprise and society. Northeastern University held ten Northeastern University MBA lecture on the topic of "responsibility" in 2011-2012, 2012 held the "Northeastern University MBA social responsibility forum". Participating in various charitable activities organized by Yunnan University MBA students. The development of responsibility education, so that students can further realize the depth and breadth of social responsibility, encourage students to do the real social responsibility.
(six) part of the pilot colleges and universities have been synchronized with the international famous university training mode
Peking University 3 years tracking training "plan X", and the Harvard University in advance in the undergraduate candidates for 2 years after admission to the MBA approach, and MBA of the Yale University preparatory project design has a "leader of different approaches but equally satisfactory results". Foreign famous universities or schools (such as the MIT SLOAN School of management, Harvard University Business School) MBA courses are increasing and entrepreneurship courses in Tsinghua University carried out creative business platform X-lab and international famous business school practice echoes, agree without prior without previous consultation.
(seven) strengthen brand awareness, pilot MBA projects and case studies in the University of international recognition
Pilot colleges and universities to actively create high-quality business school MBA project brand. High quality MBA education certification China jointly set up the national MBA Education Steering Committee and the Ministry of education degree and graduate education development center "(Chinese Advanced Management Ed-ucation Accreditation, CAMEA certification is valid for 5 years), very good to promote the MBA brand building, at present, Tsinghua University School of economics and management, School of management, Fudan University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Antai College of economics and management, Tongji University School of economics and management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics business school, East China University of Science and Technology business school and Nankai University School of business has been certified by CAMEA, one of the 3 Institute of MBA University Comprehensive Reform pilot universities. Peking University Guanghua School of Management MBA project among the international first-class level, for the first time in 2012 in the British "Financial Times" (FT) global MBA 100 is a business school only on the list of Chinese University in mainland China, ranked fifty-fourth.
The AACSB (The Association to Ad-vance Collegiate Schools of Business International, AACSB) and the European quality improvement system (European Quality Im-provement System, EQUIS) international business school quality certification system is the world's two largest top management education certification. As of March 2015, China mainland by AACSB a total of 12 colleges and universities, the Pilot Universities accounted for 7; at the same time through the AACSB and EQUIS two accreditation in 7 pilot universities, accounted for 4. In addition, the case study is getting more and more international attention. In recent years, there have been cases of the pilot colleges and universities were selected as the case study of the Harvard University business school, is not only a concern for China's fresh economic enterprises, but also the international recognition of China's MBA education. For example: Chinese business case center 2011 Tsinghua University School of economics and management at the Harvard Business School Press (Harvard Business School Publishing) submitted the first batch of 8 cases by Tsinghua Harvard case library collection, the official publication of the issue, the issue of globalization tour opening.
Professor Zhou Ning School of economics and management team in 2015 northern writing case is case library of Harvard University College of business included, this is the case base BUAA second are Harvard University School of business included in the published case.
Three, MBA professional degree graduate education reform direction and suggestions
From the study of MBA professional degree education comprehensive reform pilot of the situation and the actual running situation China MBA degree, China MBA professional degree in enrollment and entrance examination, training process so as to highlight the big problem, need to accelerate and deepen the reform.
(a) MBA enrollment in most colleges and universities is too old and solidified, is not conducive to the selection of suitable MBA students, it is recommended to further reform the pilot MBA enrollment system, increase the diversity and flexibility of MBA enrollment
Nationwide, the vast majority of MBA training unit is still used for - Test - retest - admission admissions process, and other professional academic type master master, there is no obvious difference in enrollment and links, only in the conditions of registration applicants with a few conditions. MBA is different from most other types of professional master, but also has a big difference with the academic master, MBA is to develop a strategic vision, has a wider range of knowledge and innovative spirit of complex management personnel. Therefore, the MBA source is particularly important, and the current enrollment is very difficult to meet the selection of high-quality students, determine the comprehensive quality for the applicants is based on a brief exchange preliminary scores and retest, failed to have a thorough and comprehensive identification of applicants, MBA enrollment system reform is particularly important.
From the comprehensive reform of the MBA pilot university situation, only a few such as Peking University, Wuhan University, Renmin University of China, Central University of Finance and Economics and other colleges and universities to carry out reform and try to MBA enrollment, and try to reform direction is mainly to take the national entrance exam interview in advance and the bottom line "of students, will re link the forward, ahead of the preliminary examination by the applicant's comprehensive quality inspection and judgement, the weakening of the first rank according to the score before re determined the list of links. Peking University on this basis, the introduction of an indefinite batch, rolling enrollment and 3 years to track the development of the X program, which is worth learning and learning from other training units. In addition, MBA can take some special ways of enrolling art majors, namely the professional in the field of international and domestic important event award applicants can be admitted at the beginning, or re link the appropriate bonus and other preferential policies, to further increase the MBA enrollment mode diversification and flexibility.
(two) the current MBA entrance examination form is too single, the examination content is too modular, it is recommended that the pilot set up separate assessment methods, improve the quality of students
At present, the China MBA entrance examination is the examination papers in the traditional way, the content of the exam is mainly English and comprehensive ability (Mathematics, logic and writing), the assessment form is too single, the content of the examination also is modular, is not conducive to reflect the level of comprehensive application. This type of assessment, is likely to lead to some practical experience, comprehensive quality excellent applicants due to the failure of some temporary reasons to test scores are not accepted. Therefore, the current domestic MBA recommendations on the selection of the school strength strong, overall evaluation of society and the high degree of recognition of 10 ~ 15 training units for the first phase of the pilot reform, from Dr. postgraduate entrance examination, by the pilot units to set their own entrance examination content and time. The entrance examination form in addition to the traditional test paper, can learn from the application - Audit - retest "form, that the applicant in accordance with the requirements of the training unit application materials submitted by the training unit on the application of the material audit, through the audit of the applicants to participate in the next phase of the retest, retest (comprehensive interview or test) links can focus on the applicant's foreign language level, professional knowledge and comprehensive quality etc.. This form of entrance examination, largely avoided the current completely rely on the applicant entrance examination (test) to determine whether the fraction or be admitted into the re examination form, to the overall strength of objective and impartial evaluation of each applicant. In addition, the United States can learn from the GMAT (Gradu-ate Management Admission) assessment methods to strengthen the comprehensive quality and practical ability of the applicant's assessment, the selection of the best MBA students in the Test.
(three) link is too traditional culture at the present stage of MBA talent, can not meet the requirements of many aspects of MBA under the new situation, suggestions and training of MBA international standards, considering the combination and development of MBA, the further optimization of multi degree project portfolio and training process integration
From the MBA comprehensive reform of the situation, some of the training units of the MBA curriculum system, practice practice, learning assessment and graduation reply links have been reformed or optimized, but also achieved good results. But at present most of the MBA training from the Chinese unit training process, or discussion in accordance with the previous theory of classroom learning or visit the case enterprise practice or the practice graduation topic, writing process, defense training, the whole culture process lack of cross fusion, it can not meet the requirement of MBA composite and multi direction under the new situation. Suggestions on the curriculum, can be more flexible and open, such as the study of the theory of knowledge is no longer confined to the classroom and domestic textbooks, so that students can learn foreign famous universities or schools through the network (such as the MITSLOAN School of management, Harvard University Business School) MBA course, closer to the international demand for knowledge MBA frontier theory.
At present, foreign trends are MBA students have to pursue entrepreneurial dreams, business schools around the United States are increasing with entrepreneurship related courses. The annual growth rate of the Harvard Business School is 20% ~30%.
In the ways of training, one can through the MBA international cooperation project, let the students to participate in overseas visits, short-term training, study and consulting international exchange activities, international business management knowledge, experience and enrich students ideas, obtain the perceptual knowledge of cross-cultural business activities and enhance their ability to adapt. On the other hand, referring to foreign first-class university interdisciplinary training personnel, the top 50 universities in the United States have set up a professional training system, some universities will be MBA and other professional combination. Stanford University, such as the combination of professional education is MBA/ master of science, master of Science in MBA/ and MBA/ master of public administration. The University of Illinois listed MBA and architecture, chemistry, civil engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, human resources, education law, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, pharmacy and other 11 professional portfolio. The setting of the compound specialty trains the talented person on the two dimensions of technology and management, realizes the cross integration of the subject, and widens the student employment channel.
In practice, learning assessment and graduation reply link, you can make the whole stage, multi-level fusion, practice, learning in practice in the study, based on the change of previous papers or classroom assessment methods, assessment of the students in the cross process practice and study; to further expand the fields and space-time region MBA practice, practice content is not limited to business management, can be extended to the field of industry and other fields, the practice of space to further expand overseas, learning practice curriculum setting and part of foreign famous universities or business school MBA and practice; graduation thesis and oral defense links must be closely combined with the practice and practical application, to enhance the graduation thesis on the one hand, the topic and write in practice, so that The graduation thesis is to consider and solve practical problems, to improve the continuity of MBA students after graduation work, on the other hand to timely pilot to consider graduation thesis in the form of alternative and traditional defense and other sectors to cancel the problem, further optimize the talent cultivation process MBA.
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