At present, China's tobacco seedling mainly in floating seedling, seedling tray and conventional breeding, also appeared in the wet nursery and sand culture breeding and other new breeding technology of [1]. floating foam tray will be equipped with light floating seedling substrate, sowing the seeds in the matrix, the seedlings in the seedling roots in growth. Breeding method and can absorb water and nutrients from the matrix and the water bed. Conventional flue-cured tobacco with the peat matrix as the main raw material, peat has strong uniformity, high content of organic matter, water, fertilizer, gas, bulk density of small, root [2] characteristics of small resistance, because of its advantages of good physical coordination, stable performance and buffer capacity strong and popular, but peat belongs to non renewable resources the conventional floating seedling, large area will cause the depletion of resources, but also destroy the irreplaceable role of the environment, because of the uneven distribution of peat resources and short-term non renewable, over exploitation has been environmental opposition. To maintain a good development of tobacco floating seedling technology, to ensure the sustainable development of tobacco production, to carry out the replacement of floating seedling substrate of peat is an imperative task.
In recent years the use of vermicompost substrate, fire soil, river sand, loess, soil, manure, crop straw, carbonized rice husk, Chinese medicine residue and bagasse as substitute for peat have yielded many results of [3 -7]. matrix to replace selection of material selection should make full use of local natural resources, development and utilization of local conditions in Xishui county is located in [8]. liquor Economic Zone in Chishui River Basin, the lees lees is rich in resources, organic fertilizer production cost. This study through the use of mountain sand and Xishui mountain low cost test lees organic fertilizer instead of seedling cultivation, provides a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the matrix formulation of stereotypes, sustainable development, to help achieve the agricultural resources.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test site
Good village in the Zunyi area on the Xishui County Houtan nursery, the altitude of 992 m, a humid subtropical monsoon climate, four seasons. The local microclimate is obvious, and the vertical difference is very significant. The total amount of radiation is 349.8 J/cm2, the annual average temperature of 13.5 degrees, the annual average relative humidity is 85%, the average annual total of 196.3 D.
1.2 test materials
Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling substrate, flue-cured tobacco floating seedling special tray (162 hole polystyrene plastic mesh plate, specification of 53 cm * 4cm * 6 cm). The test variety is K326. The nutrient content of seedling fertilizer for tobacco was m (N): m (P2O5): m (K2O) = 19: 10: 20, of which nitrate nitrogen accounted for about 60% of total nitrogen, and contains a variety of trace elements. The sand body porosity 30.53%, large pores and small pores, the bulk density of 1% 29.53% 1 49G / cm3, uniform particles, no pollution, less water, mud ratio of 1: 0.03, pH value accounted for 65% 6.5, 0.5 ~ 2.5 mm sand grain size. The bulk density of g / cm3 0.15 bran shell the total porosity, 82.5%, 57.5%, 25%, small pore pore water gas ratio of 1: 0.43, pH value 6 5 44% ~ 45%, Sawdust Cellulose lignin resin 1%, 16 ~22%, 0.4 ~ 2% minerals etc.. The bulk density of 0.19 g /cm3, the total porosity is 78.3%, 34.5% large pores, small pore water gas ratio of 1: 43.8%, 1.26, pH = 6 2 lees organic fertilizer (provided by the Xishui County tobacco farmers cooperatives comprehensive service Xianglong organic fertilizer plant), lees organic fertilizer specific detection data are shown in table 1.
1.3 experimental design
The test on 2015 in Xishui County Hou Liang Cun Zhen Tan seedling of modern agricultural science and technology demonstration garden shed for tobacco. Using randomized block design, the raw materials are arranged according to the volume ratio of 8, T1 (fine sand 100%), T2 (sawdust 50%: 50% fine sand (T3), bran shell 50%: organic fertilizer, lees 50%) T4 (50%: 50% bran shell fine sand), T5 (50%: Bran shell matrix 50%), T6 (matrix 50%: fine sand (50%), T7 50%: 50% matrix lees organic fertilizer, T8 (lees) organic fertilizer 50%: fine sand, 50%) in conventional commodity processing matrix T9 control (CK), a total of 9 treatments (as shown in Table 2), repeated 2 times. The 2 zone. Each sow 14, repeat two times, a total of 252 sets, each 1 ~2 seed planting.
1.4 test implementation
January 15, 2015 January 20, 2015 to April 2014 sowing, seedbed management, all adopt the floating system. At the end of the sowing in March 10th, before loading the disc, the matrix and other reference materials must be screened in addition to coarse particles and residues. By sowing sowing, 1 seed per hole, each plate has 2 rows of two seeds. In March 11th, the disc with second days in time to check into the pool water situation, if it is found that the dry hole, dry disc, the disc should be moderate under pressure in a timely hand, let the water, not from above water. March 12th to seedling water and fertilizer management, seedbed management according to floating seedling breeding technology.
1.5 observation items and methods
Observation items: germination rate, seedling rate, seedling rate, Miao Gao, stem height, stem girth, leaf number, maximum leaf length and width, color of leaf and stem, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight and dry weight, root shoot ratio etc.. After planting 20 d were randomly selected from each treatment 10 seedling disc measuring germination rate, seedling index of the other after the seeding plate of medium size, with the average value of representative tobacco seedlings per treatment and 10 strain measurement, measurement of agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings after transplanting 25 D were randomly selected from each treatment. Using Excel and SPSS statistical analysis software.
2 results and analysis
2.1 physical and chemical properties of the substitution matrix
Can be seen from table 3, the total porosity determination results of T1 value <T8 < T2 < T4 < T6 < T7 < CK < T3 < T5, detection of T3, the value of T5 is higher than that of CK, reached 68.25% and 73.86% respectively, the total porosity of detection of T6 and T7 values close to CK, respectively 56.54% and 57 61%. in total the porosity test results was the highest in T5 (T3) T7, the first two relative to treatment. PH value of the test results T2 < T5 < T3 < T6 < T8< < T1 < T4, T3, T6, T8, T7, T1 and T4 detection value is higher than CK. (pH) the value of T4 detection results in the highest CK, 7
31, T1 times, T3 relative to the first two treatment to be small. From the test data, the pH values of each treatment were close to CK.
The detection results of T1 value organic matter T2 < T4 < T5 < T6 < T8< < T3 < CK < T7, T7 detection value is higher than that of CK, T3 detection value close to CK. with the detection results of organic matter was the highest in T7, which results in the highest organic matter T7, organic matter content of 29.46%. conductivity detection results T1 T2 < T4 < T5 < T6 < T8< < T3 < CK < T7, T7 detection value is higher than that of CK, T3 detection value close to CK. with conductivity detection results was the highest in T7, 458.60 S/cm.
2.2 effects of different substrates on the germination rate, seedling rate, seedling rate, growth rate and growth
Can be seen from table 4, the rate of T7 T5 < T4< < T8 < T2 < T1 < CK < T6 < T3, seedling emergence, emergence, T3, T6 higher than that of CK and other treatment, reached 1561 and 97.56% strains, T8, T2, T1 and T4 close to CK, including T3, T6 1 ~2 d.T4 at seedling stage and T6 treatment than CK shortened smoke seedling, seedling green, and CK. Thus, T4 and T6 to breed tobacco seedling to seedling time is short, has the characteristics of strong growth potential, green leaf color etc.. T3 seedling (bran shell 50%: lees organic fertilizer 50%) and T6 (matrix seedling 50%: 50% fine sand) and the current matrix CK in germination rate, seedling rate between the difference reached significant level. Other treatments were not significantly different from the control.
2.3 effects of different substrates on the agronomic characters of tobacco seedlings
As can be seen from table 5, the seedling height of tobacco seedlings was highest in the treatment of T3, and the difference of T3, T4, T6 and T8 was significantly different between the treatments of and cm. with the current matrix treatment of CK. Among the agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings, the highest was treated with T3, and the difference of T3, T6, and CK between the treatments of cm. and CK was very significant, and the difference between T8 and the current substrate was significant. There was no significant difference between the treatments of leaf number and CK in the agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings. Agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings in the maximum leaf width and length ratio of treatment T7 was the highest, up to 0.6056, T1, T6, T7 treatment and T8 treatment and the matrix was significantly difference between CK, T3 and CK matrix processing present significant differences between. The seedling fresh root shoot ratio of agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings, was the highest in T2, 0.154 T2, 2 T7 and T8 processing and the matrix processing was significantly difference between CK, T3, T4 and T6 treatment and the treatment CK significant difference between matrix. Agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings in seedling dry weight ratio of root to shoot, was the highest in T8, 0.250 T1, T2, T3 0, T5, T7 and T8 with the current matrix processing CK reached the difference significant. The number of tobacco seedlings in the agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings was highest in T6 (82.76), and the difference of T2, T7 and T8 between the treatments and the current substrate treatment was significant. Other treatments were not significantly different from the control.
2.4 effects of different substrates on the agronomic characters of tobacco seedlings
As can be seen from table 6, the height of the agronomic traits of tobacco seedling in different media seedling mode is the highest, and the highest T1 is 36.5 cm.
The difference between T1 and the current substrate treatment of CK was extremely significant, and the difference between T3 and T6 treatment was significantly different from that of CK. The T6 of T3, T6 and CK in the treatments with different substrates were significantly different between the cm. and the treatments in the different treatments of tobacco seedling. The number of the middle leaf number of the seedling of different substrates in the field of tobacco seedling was highest in the treatment of T4, reaching 15.11, which was significantly different from that of the CK. T3, T6 and T8 were significantly different from the current matrix treatment CK. Different seedling mode of tobacco seedling field among agronomic traits, leaf width, length ratio, T6 treatment was the highest, up to 0.580 3 T6 and T8 and CK difference between the current matrix was extremely significant, T1, T3 and T7 with the current treatment CK significant difference matrix. Other treatments were not significantly different from the control.
2.5 the effect of alternative substrates on seedling cost
Table 7 shows that the disc: T8 <T3 <T2 <T1< cost T4 < T7 < T6 < T5 < CK, T3, T2, T8, T1 and T4 disks are cost less than 1 yuan / disc, which deal with the T8 of the lowest cost is 0.53 yuan / disc and the current matrix CK the difference was highly significant, cost saving effect is obvious.
3 conclusions and discussion
3.1 in the conventional matrix with the proportion of fine sand, stirring as tobacco seedling substrate, its physicochemical index is close to the common matrix, the seedling bed management, can cultivate strong seedling growth, seedling emergence rate, seedling rate, agronomic traits and the traditional matrix difference is small, have certain application value for large area promotion.
3.2 lees organic fertilizer after crushing and bran shell matrix assembled into adhesion enhancement, could solve the problem of leakage occurred in floating seedling matrix, and is conducive to mechanized operation. Field test results show that the matrix by the lees of organic fertilizer and the bran shell with a sterile seedling growing field with conventional matrix breeding of tobacco seedlings, and no dead seedling, early flowering, and fertilizer and other anomalies, has a certain application prospect.
3.3 bran shell, lees organic fertilizer and fine sand substitute matrix compared with the traditional matrix, were not subject to geographical restrictions, low cost, simple preparation method, the production process has no pollution to the environment, can greatly reduce the cost of the flue-cured tobacco floating seedling. Completely replace peat, its high quality of seedling, seedling is short, stout stem, root, root survival after transplanting fast, fast, fast growth, drought resistance, resistance and field grew better than the traditional matrix of tobacco seedlings.
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3.4 study area in the economic belt of Chishui hookah liquor lees River, rich in resources, lees organic fertilizer production cost is low. Renewable materials. With the lees of organic fertilizer after crushing instead of tobacco floating seedling substrate not only the effect is not obvious, realize the sustainable utilization of resources, meet the requirements of modern tobacco agriculture development, with better economic and social benefits.
This study showed that chaff and lees organic fertilizer, fine sand and conventional substrates rationally, substitution matrix as the flue-cured tobacco floating seedling is feasible. The best combination of 50% bran shell +50% lees organic fertilizer and 50% sand + 50% conventional matrix, the matrix physicochemical indexes suitable to breed tobacco seedling growth ability, agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indexes is harmony. In Xishui area, lees sources of organic fertilizer rich and cheap, considerable economic and ecological benefits, can increase the efficiency were 274.5 yuan /hm2 and 124.55 yuan /hm2, conventional matrix, it is worthy of popularization and application.
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